Latest writings
Notes on AI agents, Salesforce, automation, micro-SaaS, and engineering.
SalesforceSalesforce AI Interview Questions: Agentforce, Prompt Builder, Data Cloud
Prepare for Salesforce AI developer roles with real-world questions on Agentforce, Prompt Builder, Data Cloud, grounding, guardrails, and LLM integration—each with a complete model answer.
ApexSalesforce Interview Preparation: Apex, LWC, Triggers & System Design
A practical guide to Salesforce interview preparation covering Apex, triggers, SOQL, LWC, integration patterns, and system design for developers.
How I Build Applications Faster with Supabase
Supabase isn't just another backend-as-a-service. It's a developer workflow accelerator. Here's how I use its integrated toolkit to ship production-ready features in days, not weeks.
Building Long-Term Memory: Setting Up Vector Databases for Semantic Search in LangChain
LLMs have a context limit; your data doesn't. Learn how to implement vector databases in LangChain to enable semantic search and build robust RAG pipelines.
Unmasking the Black Box: Mastering LangChain Callbacks for Debugging
Master LangChain callbacks to debug AI agents. Learn to build custom handlers, trace execution flows, and fix 'black box' LLM issues.
Best Practices for Deploying LangChain Apps to Production
Serving, streaming, per-user state, caching, tracing, evals, secrets and timeouts: a checklist for moving a LangChain 1.x agent out of the notebook, checked against the current docs.
Structured JSON Output from LLMs: Schema Injection, Pydantic and Retry Loops
Why LLM output breaks JSON parsers, and three patterns that fix it in AI agents: schema injection with TypeScript types, Pydantic validation and a self-healing retry loop.
Beyond Built-ins: Architecting Custom Tools in LangChain
Standard LangChain tools handle the basics, but production agents need to touch internal APIs and proprietary logic. Here is a deep dive into building robust, Pydantic-validated custom tools.
Architecting Autonomous Agents: A Builder’s Guide to Complex Workflows
Moving beyond simple chatbots requires a shift in architecture. Here is how to engineer autonomous agents using ReAct loops, tool usage, and state management to handle complex, multi-step objectives.
Building State: A Deep Dive into LangChain Memory for Conversational AI
LLMs are stateless by default. To build a conversational agent that actually remembers, you need to manage context effectively. This guide covers implementing various memory types in LangChain, from basic buffers to summary-based retention.
Building Robust RAG Pipelines: A Deep Dive into LangChain Document Loaders
RAG systems live or die by the quality of their data ingestion. This guide covers how to architect a robust document loading pipeline using LangChain to handle PDFs, CSVs, and Web data effectively.
What Is LangChain? When to Use It and When to Write Your Own Code
What LangChain 1.x actually gives you today (create_agent, middleware, a standard model interface) and a plain framework for deciding between it and your own orchestration code.
Building Your First LLM Chain: A Developer's Guide to Sequential Logic
LLMs are powerful, but they are stateless. To build real applications, you need to connect outputs to inputs. Here is a practical, code-first guide to building your first chain using Python and LCEL.
Beyond the Tags: Mastering HTML Architecture for Product-Based Roles
Product-based interviews don't ask about tag names; they ask about the DOM, accessibility trees, and rendering paths. Learn the architecture of HTML.
From Selectors to BEM: CSS Concepts You Must Know for Professional Projects
CSS is easy to write but hard to maintain. In this guide, I break down the evolution from basic selectors to the BEM methodology, showing you how to architect scalable, conflict-free styles for production applications.
Mastering the Primitives: A Builder's Guide to JavaScript Data Types and Functions
Software is just data plus logic. This guide breaks down JavaScript's primitives, reference types, and function architectures with practical examples relevant to building automation and micro-SaaS tools.
Overcoming the Daunting Start: A Strategic Roadmap for New Frontend Developers
The modern frontend landscape is overwhelming. This isn't just a list of technologies; it's a strategic systems approach to moving from zero to a deployable engineer.
Demystifying Scope and Closure: Key Concepts for Writing Robust JavaScript
Mastering the mechanics of variable lifecycle and data persistence is the difference between a script that works and an application that scales. Here is a deep dive into JavaScript's lexical environment.
Beyond Frameworks: Practical DOM Manipulation Techniques for High-Performance UIs
Frameworks like React abstract the DOM, but they don't eliminate it. Master event delegation, document fragments, and state-syncing by building a vanilla JS engine from scratch.
The Frontend Architecture: From Junior Developer to Tech Lead
Treat your career like a software product. This is a practical roadmap for scaling your skills, systems, and influence from writing your first component to architecting large-scale frontend applications.
Architecting Scalable JavaScript: OOP Principles & Design Patterns
Move beyond basic scripts. Learn how to apply Object-Oriented Programming principles and implement the Singleton, Observer, and Module patterns to build robust, scalable JavaScript automation systems.
Why TypeScript Matters: Adding Type Safety to Your JavaScript Projects
JavaScript is flexible, but that flexibility comes at a cost. Here is why switching to TypeScript isn't just a trend—it's an engineering necessity for scalable systems.
REST vs. GraphQL: A Frontend Engineer’s Reality Check
Stop looking for a winner. In this build-focused guide, we implement a simple API consumer for both REST and GraphQL to uncover the real-world trade-offs in caching, payload size, and developer experience.
Secure Frontend Auth: The Definitive Guide to JWTs, Cookies, and Storage Strategies
Stop storing JWTs in LocalStorage. This guide breaks down the security trade-offs between storage strategies and walks through implementing a production-grade authentication flow using HttpOnly cookies and Axios interceptors.